Rain Snow and Ice

Yet another link

2010-12-20T13:31:00.002+13:00

This was a phone interview with schools from Delaware to Nebraska. You can hear my voice, I think. http://www.expeditions.udel.edu/antarctica/call/dec14.mp4
For their blog, see http://www.expeditions.udel.edu/antarctica/

Also:
news.yahoo.com

IceCube in the news

2010-12-20T06:53:00.001+13:00

We finished our last string on Saturday, and took yesterday off. We are in the news!

Check us out in the news!

http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2010/12/17/icecube-antarctica-worlds-biggest-telescope-south-pole/
http://host.madison.com/wsj/news/local/environment/article_f521ebfa-0b7e-11e0-97c7-001cc4c002e0.html
http://gallery.icecube.wisc.edu/external/completion_www/
http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=118236

More photos

2010-12-13T09:05:00.000+13:00

Hi! Sorry I haven't posted much on this blog: I have been extremely busy. I promise I will write more soon. In the meantime, click here for more photos!

A few links

2010-12-06T10:00:00.001+13:00

The Moon-Regan expedition arrived at the South Pole a couple of days ago. They are driving across the continent on a "bio-inspired" fuel vehicle. http://www.transantarcticexpedition.com

IceCube also has a high school teacher working with us through the PolarTREC program. Each year a few teachers get matched up with various projects around Antarctica, and they work with us for a few weeks. She has some interesting blogs and description of her experiences. She is also conducting some experiments on her own: check her out at: http://www.polartrec.com/expeditions/icecube-in-ice-antarctic-telescope-2010/journals

South Pole accommodations

2010-12-04T22:33:00.000+13:00

This year, my accommodation is not quite as posh as last year. I am staying out in the Summer Camp, in the James way tents. The summer camp is located about 1/4 mile from the station, and it is, shall we say, a more rustic accommodation. Since there are 250 people at the South Pole and the station can only hold 150, about 100 of us are staying out here. The camp consists of 15 or so of either fabric or metal tents in the photo. I think these tents were designed in the Korean War era. You still get your own room, the tents are divided into rooms by wood and insulation, the rooms are surprisingly soundproof.

Another IceCuber showed me how to get around in these tents, from finding your room in the pitch dark (some people may be sleeping since people are working all shifts), to which building the bathrooms are located in. Yes, I will have to walk outside to go to the bathroom. I will be roughing it this trip! Apparently I got one of the nicer rooms in these tents: I have a desk and a chair, and I am away from the door which means less people walk past my room and more importantly, it is warm. And there is wireless internet, at least when the satellite is up. First order of business: put some pictures on the walls.

I'm at the Pole!

2010-12-04T22:20:00.000+13:00

Here I am, finally! When fellow IceCube colleague and I got off the plane, there were several friends waiting for us at the airplane. It is still exciting to be here but definitely different from the first time. For example, I don't have a single photo from getting off the plane and going into the Station so you will have to look through my photos from last year. It's about -32 Celcius or -25 F. Once you are over the initial cold air taking your breath away, it doesn't feel cold as you might imagine especially with all the gear they provide. It's amazing what modern equipment can do! The altitude is more of a problem: the ice is 10,000 feet thick and there is much less oxygen here than at sea level. Everyone is advised to take it easy for the first couple of days to get acclimated. No running, no heavy exertion, and walk up the stairs very slowly.

There are currently about 250 people at the South Pole, 50 of which are working on IceCube. We are definitely the big kid on the block here. It's great to see some people I met here last trip, meet new people, and see old friends!

View from McMurdo

2010-12-04T22:05:00.002+13:00

Our plane landed on an ice field at McMurdo. In a few weeks, they will move the air-field out onto the continent, about 30 minutes away past the New Zealand base so that the ice breaker can come in to let ships come through. The ships will contain cargo for the next year, and if you have big equipment you want to send something to Antarctica for a year from now, you do that on those ships. Once the ice breakers come and there is open water, penguins and seals will show up since now food is accessible for them.

unloading at McMurdo

2010-12-04T21:59:00.001+13:00

This is the airplane that we flew on from Christchurch to McMurdo. We are getting on a bus as they unload cargo (including my detectors) from the back of the plane. The back of the plane drops open, and in goes a forklift. Very efficient!

another one from the flight

2010-12-04T21:53:00.001+13:00

If you ask nicely, well as nice as you can shouting over the airplane noise, they let you go up to the cockpit. Views were spectacular!

More photos from the flight

2010-12-04T21:52:00.001+13:00

This is the plane from McMurdo to the South Pole. They actually have airport codes too: MCM and NPX. The planes are military planes, and we are sitting on hammock-like seats. They hand out earplugs in the beginning, and yes, it is loud!

Look what I found!

2010-12-01T19:57:00.002+13:00

I was very excited to see this. Under the tarp, are two crates that I had said goodbye to back home in early November. For those of you who haven't followed my scientific activities for the last year, this is what I have been working on for the past nine months while putting nearly everything else on hold. For those of you wondering where I have been for these months, I was designing and building this detector with a team of superb physicists, engineers, and technicians. We had handed off these two crates to a shipping company to be sent off to Christchurch, then to the South Pole. This is what I came here to do, and if all goes well, this is what I will be doing for the next several years. They were supposed to get to the South Pole on their own some time last week. I knew they had gotten to Christchurch, but I didn't know exactly where there were. And here they are, in the back of the same plane that I am flying to McMurdo on!

I probably won't be able to resist writing about the science that we hope to do with these detectors, I will save that for later. For now, I am just happy to see them.

C-17

2010-12-01T19:57:00.001+13:00

Here is what the inside of the plane looks like. This time I am flying with many more scientists, and there is a whole team of people who will be traveling to the Dry Valleys after spending ~ 1 week in McMurdo. They are jealous that I am going to the South Pole, I am jealous that they are going to the Dry Valleys, though I don't think any of us really want to switch places: we love what we do!

The plane has six rows of seats in the middle, but the rest of us are sitting along the side of the plane. Behind the six rows of seats are the cargo. Right now I am sitting next to some sort of vehicle with a label that says "Engines, Internal Combustion, Flammable Liquid Powered", and next to it, is a giant drum labeled "Liquid Oxygen".

Going south!

2010-12-01T19:50:00.001+13:00

Yes, we are on our way! There were some concerns about the weather at McMurdo, but yes, we are on our way. We got on our shuttles at our B&B at 6:15 AM, arrived at the USAP (United States Antarctic Program) by 6:45 AM. After reshuffled some bags around, we checked our bags in, had breakfast, and here we are, waiting for our flight. After a short DVD about living in Antarctica, we were on our way!

Here is a photo of us waiting for our flight. After this, we walked through security just you do at a normal airport, boarded a shuttle, then onto a military plane. The experience is very different from last time when it was my first time, though I am still very excited. This I know exactly what's coming, and I'm definitely not taking nearly as many pictures. The excitement of those who are going for the first time is infectious though, and I think everyone still gets at least a tiny bit excited. Even those who have been there ten times like my colleague. Maybe you can find him in the photo: he has grey beard, wearing a green shirt, writing postcards.

You can see more photos by following the link on the right, you can also see photos from last year.

Clothing Distribution

2010-12-01T00:30:00.001+13:00

Today was our clothing distribution day. If weather cooperates, we fly to McMurdo tomorrow. The drill was very similar to last year , though this year there were a lot more people, and now that I'm a "veteran", I didn't have to watch the info video. They were out of some of my sizes, so I ended up with mittens two sizes to large, gloves one size too big, and a different pair of glove in just the right size. Last year, I tried a bunch of combinations once I got there and ended up with something I didn't expect, I'm sure I will figure it out once I get there. The women's room was packed: it was nice to see that so many women are participating and in many cases leading in the antarctic program. One major difference from last year: I have carharts pants which are more like construction working pants instead of the ski bibs. I did like the ski bibs last year, I will give the carharts this year.

Tomorrow, we are supposed to check in at oh-seven-hundred hours.

A Day in Christchurch

2010-11-29T23:51:00.003+13:00

I am now safely in Christchurch. I met with another IceCuber in Auckland, turns out he was on the same flight from LA - Auckland. For some reason, they put us on different flights from Auckland - Christchurch.

It is the middle of the summer here now, and the first things you notice when you get out of the airport are just how warm it is, and the quality of lighting has a definite summer-ness to it.

The trip was long but fairly uneventful. I sat next to an American who had been to Antarctica in the Dry Valleys about 10 years ago. He now works for an agency equivalent to NOAA in Auckland, New Zealand. One of his current projects is to use trace-radioactivity to date ice cores and rocks etc., and another is to use tree rings to study how trends in El Nino is changing over time.

Today I had essentially a free day in Christchurch. I caught up with my email, and I went out to walk around the town for a while. I got a Japanese haircut, had some Japanese food (and ice cream!), walked around some more, then went to the Caterbury Museum at the Botanical Garden, then saw the roses at the garden. I saw an exhibit on the Scott and Hilary expeditions from the first half of the 1900's, and they have on exhibit some of the vehicles that were used for those expeditions. I uploaded some photos so you can have a look:
http://picasaweb.google.com/RainSnow3Ice/ChristchurchDecember2010

The colors are so intense now, and the roses in the Botanical Garden are in full bloom.

Tomorrow I go to CDC to pick up my Antarctic jacket, boots, and other ECW (Extreme Cold Weather) gear.

On my way

2010-11-27T18:19:00.000+13:00

This morning I said goodbye to my family and got on the plane to LAX - Auckland - Christchurch. We had a really nice thanksgiving with friends and family, and it was really hard to leave them behind. I will be gone for almost exactly a month this time. My daughter is a lot more aware of what's going on which makes it both easier and harder. We promised to write each other letters.
With dad and grandma at home she's in good hands. Thanks dad and grandma!

South Pole, take 2

2010-11-25T05:22:00.001+13:00

Hi everyone!
Yup, it's that time of the year again and I'm headed back to the South Pole. I leave on Friday, Nov. 26, scheduled to come back Christmas Eve. Wish us luck! This is the final year of IceCube construction, and I will be leading the deployment of a special device which is a prototype for a potential future project that will look for dark matter. The detectors are packed and on their way, now I have to get packed. Childcare, check (thanks, DH and GM!). Thanksgiving dinner, half-check. Packing-list, check. Packing itself... I'm on it!

Skiing Antarctica

2010-04-15T07:37:00.000+12:00

Wow!
Behind the Scenes from the Antarctica Shoot for #61 | WarrenMiller.com

Back home again.

2010-02-08T18:45:00.001+13:00

I am back home again. The trip back seemed long though in actual
number of hours, it was shorter than on the way out. One night at
McMurdo, no delays back to Christchurch. After three nights at
Christchurch, back in the air again to come home. They had to give me
two tags per checked luggage at Christchurch since they couldn't fit
five flights onto one. We flew through Christchurch - Sydney -
Honolulu - Los Angeles - Chicago - Madison in 38 hours. Wow. Each
step seemed a little closer to home: we entered back into the U.S. at
Honolulu, mainland at LAX, the the all-too-familiar ORD, then seeing
my family's faces in MSN!

It was a gradual path back into my daily life: gradually we shed our
ECW gear, put on our street clothes, got our haircuts, men shaved
their beards, and slowly blended back into the society. At McMurdo we
got reintroduced to life with keys, locks, dirt, and people we don't
know in the galley. It snowed while we were in McMurdo: that was a
strange sensation. I spent two weeks surrounded by snow and ice, but
it never actually snows there, just kind of blows around. Then
Christchurch with more people, private bathrooms, money, restaurants,
grass, trees, cars, and dark nights. Restaurants and mountains! I
felt relieved when I realized that I was at a place accessible by
civilian/commercial flights, never mind that people were staring at us
at the airport wearing the full Antarctic gear in the middle of the
summer. Several Chinese tourists asked us where we came from (that's
right, move over Japanese tourists!).

It was an incredible trip. I met and worked with some incredible
people down there where everyone had a story to tell. I hope to be
back again soon, and maybe then, I will be writing here again. Thanks
for reading!

McMurdo again!

2010-01-27T18:52:00.000+13:00

We did make it out of the Pole, and are now safely at McMurdo.

It was an amazing flight. It was sunny most of the way and more importantly, while we were flying over the mountains. They had equipped the plane with doors for paratroopers which meant that the windows were huge! I saw huge mountains, some without snow cover on top, glaciers, snow fields, and crevasses. It was beautiful.

It's strange to be here: it seems like there are so many people, people I've never seen before. At the South Pole, you run into the same people over and over. And now we have to lock doors and carry keys around! And there are rocks and dirt. Air feels moist and there is so much oxygen! I didn't realize I was missing it.

Tomorrow, we fly back to Christchurch. We have "bag drag" at 8 PM tonight which means we have to show up, have our check-in luggages weighed, and then ourselves weighed with all our extreme cold weather gear and our carry-on baggage. It's strange to be wearing the red coat above freezing temperatures.

Leaving South Pole?

2010-01-27T09:47:00.001+13:00

I am scheduled to fly out with about 12 other IceCubers in a couple of
hours. The weather is not that great: we have poor visibility and
there is 12 knots of wind. The airplane did leave McMurdo so let's
hope for the best!

People at the South Pole: Tilo

2010-01-27T09:30:00.001+13:00

Tilo is a scientist from Berlin. He works on IceTop, the surface counterpart to IceCube. On top of each string of IceCube, there is a tank of ice outfitted with a pair of DOMs to monitor cosmic rays. On a good day, you will find him flying around on a snowmobile going from tank to tank checking up on them. Once the IceCube construction finishes, all we will be able to see are computers and some of the IceTop tanks that for some reason don't accumulate much snow.

The brain of IceCube

2010-01-27T00:17:00.000+13:00

All of the cables from the DOMs are brought into the IceCube Lab and
plugged into computers. Each DOM has it's own mainboard and an IP
address, and all 60 DOMs from "in-ice" and 4 from IceTop are plugged
into a single "hub". Each string has it's own hub, and we have now 79
strings out of the 86 projected upon completion next year. Each hub
is mounted on an electronics rack. It's a lot of hubs and cables, and
it's not trivial keeping all of them running all at the same time.

The white coats we are wearing prevent static discharge. It is
extremely dry here at the South Pole and at night with the windows
blocked by cardboard, you can see sparks from static when you shift
around under the sheets. A big shock can kill the cards in the hubs
and the coats are supposed to help with the static.

Photo by Dana

People at the South Pole: Jim and Forest

2010-01-26T23:48:00.001+13:00

This is Jim on the left, and Forest on the right. Jim managed the
production of all the DOMs up north, and keeps track of all the
scientific cargo (DOMs, cables, etc.) being shipped around. On the
ice, he makes sure that the DOMs get tested go where they need to go,
and he coordinates the drilling activities with the scientists. He
also makes sure that everyone is busy, and when scientists come down
here, they know what to do.

Forest is a driller. He also takes amazing photos and when he's not
on the ice, he travels around the world as a photo journalist. Many
of the postcards of the South Pole are his work, he made a great short
film for SPIFF 2010. You can find samples of his work here.

People at South Pole: Dennis

2010-01-26T23:20:00.000+13:00

This is Hutch (left) and Dennis (right). I wrote about Hutch before.
Dennis, after having spent the whole summer season here, is headed
back home. Dennis is IceCube's driller lead. He keeps everyone in
line, including us physicists. He is full of great ideas and is
constantly improving the drilling system. Under him, the drill
consumes 50% less fuel than what was designed, a no small feat.

People at South Pole: Hutch and Gary

2010-01-26T22:26:00.000+13:00

Meet Hutch and Gary. They help keep IceCube operating smoothly.
Hutch keeps track of where everyone and everything needs to be, and
Gary moves everything to where they are supposed to be. When some
unbelievably heavy equipment needs to move, Gary makes it happen.
Hutch is an avid runner and you will find him running after a full day
of work. Gary has wintered over several times, and yet he keeps
coming back.

People at South Pole: Sirin

2010-01-26T15:57:00.000+13:00

Sirin is a graduate student from Germany and she is here to calibrate
the DOMs, make sure that all the new DOMs for IceCube are working and
communicating. She got here the first week of January and will be
staying for about a month, leaving the ice just a few days before they
stop flying airplanes to South Pole for 8 months.

SPIFF 2010

2010-01-26T15:17:00.000+13:00

We had our South Pole International File Festival over the weekend. People at the station submitted something like ten films.
Some titles include The Big Shave (apparently it's a ritual for guys getting off the ice to take a nice long shave, by an IceCube driller), I'm at the Pole (spoof on I'm on the Boat), Ganzfeld (collection of photos from a Swedish IceCube driller showing scenes from his home town and Pole), The Clouds (time-lapse series of the clouds, also an IceCube entry, German), The Last Deployment (yes, I'm in it!), and others. I am so impressed how creative people are on this stations.

More moving

2010-01-26T12:50:00.001+13:00

There is a lot of equipment moving these days as we pack up for the
coming winter. We had to rearrange the drill heads to be stored in
the IceCube Lab, so we called up the help of a forklift. To access
the first floor of the raised lab, a snow ramp was built at the
beginning of the season. A pretty impressive operation. Here are some more photos.

Side experiment 2

2010-01-26T12:43:00.000+13:00

I am also doing a side experiment to see how clean the water in the
IceCube holes is. Here is Jonas helping me take some water from the
drilling system as it gets pumped out from a hole. He stuck his hand
into the gushing water at 2-degrees C for 10 minutes to do this for
me. Thanks Jonas!

A little side experiment

2010-01-26T10:37:00.001+13:00

I think I mentioned before how everyone helps one another out down here. Mark was asked by another neutrino experiment to measure the flatness of the surface of the snow. They use radio-waves reflected off the continent from a balloon flown over Antarctica to look for
ultra-high energy neutrinos. The task was to go out at least a few hundred meters from the station, find a spot where the surface has been undisturbed as possible (i.e. not plowed, walked, or skied on) and measure the flatness in a line along the direction of the wind.
For equipment, we had two circular pieces of plywood, a small inclinometer (a device that measures tilt, kind of like a bubble level but with numbers), pen, and paper.

So, the four of us, Kirill, Gary, Mark, and I checked out a radio from the comms center at the station, and set out on foot against the wind, away from the station in the direction where the snow is least disturbed. When we found a good spot, we inched our way back with the
wind on our back, 50 cm by 50 cm, gently placing one plywood circle on the snow, get two readings with the inclinometer, along and perpendicular to the wind, place the other plywood circle in front of the other, and repeat. It gets pretty cold kneeling on the snow and writing with only glove liners on.

When it's really cold, regular pens stop working. Gary owns a U.S. space pen developed by NASA for who-knows-how-many-million dollars so the astronauts can write under zero gravity. Kirill owns a Russian space pen: a pencil.

South Pole Telescope

2010-01-26T10:00:00.000+13:00

Today I got a tour of the South Pole Telescope. (I will soon upload
photos at "more photos" link on the right). This building hosts two
telescopes, SPT on the left, and BICEP2 on the right. They are both
looking at different aspects of CMB, cosmic microwave background, an
imprint of what the Universe might have been like way at the
beginning. They are both impressive in their own right.

The South Pole Telescope measures the intensity and polarization
anisotropy of the CMB. They have a higher angular resolution than
BICEP, and they can detect galaxy clusters through the spectral
distortion imprinted on the CMB, and can set constraints on dark
energy that cause the expansion of the universe to accelerate. They
have 960 channels of bolometers and TES (transition edge sensors) as
their detectors, and use squid readout. Roughly 750 channels are
operational, and are looking at CMB at 90, 150, and 220 GHz.

BICEP is measuring the polarization at 100 GHz dn 150 GHz at angular
resolutions of 1.0 and 0.7 degrees respectively with an array of 98
polarization-sensitive bolometers (PSBs). They map a large region of
the sky near the South Celestial Pole. Its design is optimized to
provide exquisite sensitivity to CMB polarization on medium to large
angular scales, allowing it to directly probe for the gravitational
wave signature of inflation.

SPT uses pulse tubes to cool their detector so there is no need to
keep a stock of liquid helium. The detector is kept around 250 milli-
Kelvin - now that's really cold! I have never seen so much and such a
long liquid-helium transfer line in my life. Dana and Daniel, the two
winter-overs opened the roof of the building and showed the telescope
move: very smooth and surprisingly fast.

Because they are looking at radio frequencies, these telescopes are
operational even when the sun is up.

Where our energy comes from

2010-01-26T09:25:00.001+13:00

Everything at South Pole is powered with jet fuel. Every plane that comes in from McMurdo carries a full tank of fuel. When the planes land here, the "fuelies" go out and take out all the fuel from the planes leaving just enough for the plane to fly back with. The fuel then goes to the power plant, to power the station and other experimental buildings nearby.

They take energy efficiency very seriously here. They track where all the electricity goes, and occasionally, we get a station-wide announcement over the loud-speaker that we should turn off all unnecessary lights and computers.

It takes a lot of energy to produce water and we are requested to keep our showers to 2 minutes of water usage and 2 showers per week. If you do really sweaty work (drilling, cooking, etc) you can take more. I was a bit worried about this before getting here, but it's
not too bad. It is so dry here it you really don't notice it, and if you turn the water off to lather up 2 minutes is a fairly long time. It also helps that everyone is in the same boat. Still, I'm looking forward to a long bath when I'm back.

I was told they hope to replace the Jamesway summer camps with a super-energy efficient, off-the-grid camp. The South Pole Station can sleep about 150 people and during the summer, about 100 people sleep in the summer camp, in Jamesway tents. Jamesways are modified tents much like what they used during... the Korean war? They are well insulated and heated inside, but there is a big gradient in the temperature inside and very energy inefficient: you can keep your soda
cold on the floor but sleep comfortably in a bed. You have to run outside to another Jamesway to go to the bathroom. The new summer camp would be totally off the grid and the hope is to find solar panels that will work at these temperatures. With 24 hours of sunlight, it should be great! They have tried turbines (wind power) but the ones they tried didn't work at all: the wings never turned.

Where the water comes from

2010-01-26T09:03:00.000+13:00

Martin took us on a tour of the water and sewage tunnel. The tunnel
was bored out by a machine designed after those that are used for
mines. The machine fits exactly the size of the tunnel, and the snow
is piped out to surface from behind it. When they had to make
repairs, they cut into the snow beside it to make a little cave. The
pipes you see are for water and sewage. It is -55F in the tunnel
(near average of the summer and winter temperatures outside), so the
pipes are heated and wrapped with insulation. The tunnel currently
starts at about 15 ft below surface and is gently sloped down and ends
at 50 ft below. The South Pole Gravity Station is located off to the
side, at about 30 ft below surface.

The South Pole Station gets all its water from a well in the ice.
These wells are called "rodwell" http://www.southpolestation.com/trivia/rodwell/rodwell.html
after Raul Rodriguez after an Army engineer who originally developed
the idea. You essentially melt a big cavity in the ice 200 m below
surface and pump the water out. When the well reaches 500 m deep, it
becomes very difficult to pump the water out, so we move onto the next
hole. The dry holes are used to store waste water. Currently the
station is using water from "rodwell-2", the second hole, and are
planning to move onto rodwell-3 soon. Each hole lasts about 7 - 10
years depending on how efficiently we use the water and how well the
melting goes. Bigger bulb the longer each well lasts.

To melt the water, excess heat from the power plant is used. The
station is all about energy efficiency. See the next blog for where
we get our energy.

Along the tunnel, there are several "shrines" set up by past winter-
overs. A pig's head donated by the Russian station (I think I heard
that right...), helmet signed by the miners who dug out the tunnel, a
mummified fish, and so on.

I will post more photos from the well at "more photos" http://picasaweb.google.com/RainSnow3Ice
.

First mother and son pair at South Pole

2010-01-26T06:25:00.000+13:00

Among other accomplishments, IceCube has the honor of being the first
to have a mother and son pair at the Pole at the same time (I'm not
sure if there is even a mother and son combo at different times).
Richard came here as a driller for the entire summer and has been here
since beginning of December. Terri came here after a few days after I
did (I saw her in Christchurch), and she plays a crucial role as an
HR: a major part of the reason that our time on the ice has been
successful can be attributed to the fact that IceCube has a driller
retention rate of 90% from season to season. We are able to attract
the best and retain them year after year. It's not trivial drilling
2.5 km holes into the ice at Antarctica at -40 degrees (at this
temperature it doesn't matter if C or F). Everyone remembers the
mistakes and improvements from the past, and ramp up time after the
long winter is very fast. We started out with only 1 string the first
season, then 8 during second, 14 during third, 18 during fourth, 19
fifth, and 20 this year. By now the drilling goes fast: if you aren't
paying attention, you could miss a few.

Congratulations, Terri and Richard!

Last String!

2010-01-21T20:08:00.001+13:00

The last string of IceCube for the Season has been deployed! In all, we deployed 20 strings this season and we are 10 days ahead of schedule. We started drilling on December 10, 2009, and finished on January 20, 2010. There are 60 DOMs (digital optical modules, the globe in the middle) on each string separated by 17 m (see photo). Each string is 2500 m long (1.5 miles) and weighs several tons, and the DOMs are attached in the depth between 1500 to 2500 m. Each DOM weighs about 40 pounds, and the cable is spooled on an 8 ft reel before installation. For deployment, we attach the DOM to the cable as the cable is being lowered into a hole in the ice.

It takes about 24 hours for the hot water drill to drill the hole, a couple of hours to switch from drilling to string deployment, then three to five hours to deploy the string depending on the team and whether there are special devices being deployed as well. The hole is drilled by a whole different set of crew of 30 working on three 8-hour shifts per day, drilling at the rate of two to three holes per week. The deployment works on two shifts since it usually takes maximum of five hours per hole.

During string deployment, there is one person operating the two motorized winches (one for the main cable and another to help keep the DOM in place while it gets installed) (the woman in the yellow helmet), two people standing next to the string to prep the string and install upper connection to the DOM (two guys in sunglasses), one person hooking up the lower connector (the guy behind me with black neck warmer), one person prepping the DOM (fourth from left), one person with a clip board and a check list making sure all connections are made, measuring the distance between each DOM, and writing down the cable markings (the guy in blue fleece), and one person feeding the signal cables and taking a photo of each DOM as a record of how they were connected and which one was deployed (this was my job). You see two more people in the photo: the woman in the green helmet in the back helped prep the DOMs, and the blue helmet to the right of the DOM oversaw the whole thing, making sure that the main cable was spooling out correctly and helping out with whichever job may be falling behind.

Once it starts flowing, it's like playing in a string quartet: everyone knows their job and everything flows very smoothly. It was extremely satisfying to be working in a team of very competent, hard-working (and fun of course) people, and at the end, there is a very tangible result.

Since this was the last string, we had many visitors during deployment, from IceCube drillers and scientists to past members of the collaboration who now works on other projects at the Pole, and DV's (distinguished visitors) from the NSF and DOE who just happened to be visiting the South Pole for the day. We all got to sign the last DOM, and it was lowered into the hole by 6 PM. From there, the cable had to be lowered another 1500 m, put on an R&D device at -50 m, the cable tied off, and were really done by 9 PM. This morning, we turned on the DOMs for a quick look, and everything seem connected. In all, I helped deploy three strings this season.

Now it's time to clean up, and my job is to start the initial calibration of the DOMs, make some configuration files for the data acquisition system, and hand them off to the collaboration.

The drillers will be packing everything up for the winter and start leaving the Pole in the next one to two weeks. I will be leaving with the first of the crew. After that, we wait for the DOMs to freeze in and it's up to us scientists to turn on the detector and discover something.

How cold is it?

2010-01-21T17:51:00.000+13:00

This summer at the South Pole has been an unusually warm one.
Yesterday's maximum was -5.5F (-20.8C), minimun was -16.1F (-26.7C)
whereas the average for this time of the year is -20.4F (-29.1C)
(there is no average max and min because the sun is up 24 hours a
day). Still, if you leave a bottle of water outside, it will freeze
pretty quickly. This is my water bottle that I left in my backpack in
the back of the snow-mobile for about 30 minutes.

More Photos

2010-01-19T14:21:00.004+13:00

South Pole 2

They made it!

2010-01-18T22:28:00.000+13:00

Our stowaways have finally made it to South Pole!

People at South Pole: Gary and Mark

2010-01-18T22:25:00.000+13:00

When I got off the plane, Jim, Dave, Paul, Gary, and Mark (I hope I
didn't forget anyone) all came out to greet the plane and me. They
are all people I work with back in Madison and it was so nice to see
familiar faces after days of traveling. I only managed to get photos
of Gary and Mark then so I will just talk about them. I *had* to take
a photo of Gary in his mask!

Both are research scientists like me, but they have been down to the
Pole many times. Gary has wintered over at pole some ten years ago.
Mark is known for being at the right place at the right time, like
flying into Hawaii to go diving and seeing a mother whale and baby
whale dancing in the water (his dive leader who dives nearly every day
there has never seen anything like it) or being swarmed by penguins at
McMurdo.

People at South Pole: Denise

2010-01-18T22:12:00.000+13:00

Denise will be one of the two physicians at South Pole for the next
couple of weeks. She has been at McMurdo since last fall, but when
one of the physicians at South Pole had to go home for a couple of
weeks for family emergency before wintering over, Denise was asked to
be the replacement. Denise is from the U.S., but has been spending
the last few years traveling up and down the West Coast of New Zealand
as *the* doctor there. She had been training to run the marathon at
McMurdo last Saturday (this would have been her first marathon!) but
hopped on the opportunity to come to the South Pole instead. She was
already talking about going out skiing for a few miles out.

Incidentally, an IceCuber won the McMurdo marathon. He has been at
South Pole since November or December and won the around-the-world
race over new years where they set up a few-mile long course around
the South Pole. Every year, the winner of this race gets a trip up to
McMurdo to participate in the marathon. Aside from being already in
great shape to begin with, being acclimatized at 10,000 ft must be a
great advantage!

More Penguins!

2010-01-18T21:58:00.000+13:00

I have requests for more penguins. Allison (see earlier entry) just
emailed me her photos of the emperor penguins. These are the same
penguins I saw when I was at McMurdo, and they have now been standing
in the same place for more than a week. Does anyone know why?

People at South Pole: Dana

2010-01-18T21:53:00.000+13:00

Dana and I met in Sydney when it was clear that we would not make our
connection to Christchurch. We ended up being routed through Auckland
then to Christchurch, arriving 8 hours later than scheduled, for a
total travel time of 43 hours. Dana is a rocket scientist by day and
every other year, has been spending the "nights" wintering over at
South Pole where 30 to 50 people spend eight months with no flights
coming in and out. This will be his fifth time wintering over! He
was extremely helpful and aside from being just a great person, it was
great to have a travel companion who really knows his way around. He
showed me where to go, when to show up, told me what to expect and not
expect, and where the best Thai restaurant in Christchurch is. Thanks
Dana!

People at South Pole: Brian

2010-01-18T21:43:00.000+13:00

I knew Brian in Seattle where I was working on my Ph.D. He also got
his PhD from UW in physics, and was *the* electronics expert in the
department when I was there. He has since moved onto being the *the*
electronics expert at other departments at UW, and has been coming to
South Pole for many years. I had no idea he would be here, and just
ran into him in the hallway on my way back from dinner. What a small
world!

People at South Pole: Jason

2010-01-18T21:37:00.000+13:00

This is Jason Unger, senior policy advisor for the Majority Leader,
Harry Reid, in health and education. He told me what it was like the
past few months pulling together the health care package. It's still
a crazy busy time for him, but was able to make this day trip to the
South Pole. His background is in education and public policy. He
taught/was a principle at middle and elementary schools before going
into public policy and coming to D.C.

People at South Pole: DV's

2010-01-18T21:19:00.000+13:00

There were eight people on my flight, from Christchurch to McMurdo to
South Pole who were what we call DV's, distinguished visitors. This
is Daniel Ginsberg and Chan Lieu, just as they got off the plane at
South Pole. They are on a very tight schedule: they are only making a
day trip to the South Pole, so in a few hours, they already flew
back. In a few hours, they have to assess and see whatever it is that
their job brings down them for. Hilary Clinton was in New Zealand
right around the time we flew to Antarctica and one of the DVs told me
they were trying to see if they could arrange her to come at least to
McMurdo. In the end, the uncertainty that is inherent Antarctic
travel made it impossible to fit the trip into her busy schedule.

The U.S. Air Force Reserve handles the logistics like flights in and
out of Antarctica. From what I understood, Daniel Ginsberg is in
charge of the allocation of manpower for the reserve, and he is the
one making sure that support for science and other responsibilities
are allocated and handled appropriately.

Chan Lieu is the staff director for the U.S. Senate science and
transportation subcommittee on science and space. He directs people
who collects data for the Senate and gives advice on how they should
spend money for science and space programs (I think I got that
right...). He has an IT background.

Wow!

People at South Pole

2010-01-18T20:47:00.000+13:00

This is Charlie Bentley (right) and the guy who was traveling with him
(sorry I don't know who he is). I wrote about Charlie in an earlier
blog, his first wintering in Antarctica being in 1957 - 1959 during
which he and his fellow travelers discovered mountains. He is back at
South Pole to take a look at the IceCube drill, to see if it's
something he would like to use for some new expedition that he is
concocting.

People at South Pole: Martin

2010-01-18T20:42:00.000+13:00

Martin is the operations manager at South Pole. He makes sure that
everything at the Station is running, from water, heating (very
important), you name it. I met him at bag drag at McMurdo, where we
have to bring our bags to a certain location and have all our check-in
luggage weighed, then ourselves and carry-on weighed for the flight to
South Pole. He was also on the same flight the next day. This is his
second time going down: he was out earlier this season, went home to
Denver for the holidays. Then he got a call requesting that he come
back because the person who took over his job for the second half of
the season got sick and had to go home. So here he is, back at South
Pole again. This must be some sort of record...

People at South Pole: Scott

2010-01-18T20:29:00.000+13:00

Within a short walking distance from the McMurdo station is the
historic Scott hut where the British explorer staged the Discovery
expedition in 1902. Scott and Amundsen were the first to reach the
South Pole in 1912, Amundsen on December 14 and Scott on January 17.
The hut still stands, and once in a while they have tours where you
can walk in and see how the early polar explorers lived. There was no
tour when I was there, but I could peak in the windows to see some
boxed biscuits and canned meats. There is also the 100-year old
mummified seal near the entrance, you might barely be able to see in
this photo: it's the lump at the left of the building.

People at Antarctica: a geologist

2010-01-18T20:21:00.000+13:00

Looking at us wearing sunglasses, is a geologist from the University
of Wyoming. He will be flying on a helicopter from McMurdo to the Dry
Valleys to study gullies. He wants to see if there are analogy
between the gullies there and those on Mars. He will be staying at
camp set up by the NSF (National Science Foundation who also runs
McMurdo and South Pole Station) which apparently has also satellite
connections. He will scan the gullies using a really fancy laser
setup. The laser scans the gully over a distance of over half-a-
mile. The reflected light from the dirt, snow, and several mirrors is
recorded on a sensor, and from this, he can map out the floor of
entire valleys. How cool is that!

He has also flown on a zero-gravity airplane, better known as vomit
comet. These airplanes will go up and down on arcs, and when they
reach the top of the arc, you get some 10 seconds of weightlessness.
He was studying how sediments, or mud settles or doesn't settle with
no gravity. They carry scientific experiments, and there are
competitions for high school and college students where you can submit
experiments to do on one of these.

People at South Pole: Allison

2010-01-18T19:57:00.000+13:00

I met her on the flight from Christchurch to McMurdo. She will be
spending a couple of weeks at McMurdo packing up an experiment so
technically she is not at the pole but I thought what she does is
interesting, I though I would tell you about her. Her main project is
to study aurora. She normally spends her time near the other pole,
the North Pole. She goes up to Alaska in the winter, shoots up
sounding rockets with magnetic field sensors and studies the data that
gets transmitted back while the sensor is up in the air. The whole
experiment is essentially destroyed when the sensor comes back to
ground. She is not normally working on this particular experiment
here but she volunteered to help out.

Photos from South Pole, day 1

2010-01-16T16:02:00.000+13:00

Arrival at South Pole

2010-01-16T16:00:00.001+13:00

Day 1

2010-01-16T07:04:00.001+13:00

It's been an eventful day. Yesterday I rested all afternoon to acclimatize to the 10,000 ft elevation despite being so excited to be here. I think it payed off. The real altitude of South Pole is something like 9600 ft, but when you take the lower pressure into account, it's usually around 10,200 ft. At this altitude, there is much less oxygen, and it takes a few days for your body to get used to that.

I felt much better today, and went out to help deploy an IceCube string. My job was to help feed the signal cables down, and take a photo of each Digital Optical Module (DOM) so that we have a record of which one went where and where the cables are. The IceCube drill site is about a mile away from the Station where we are staying. We took a shuttle bus out, and came back on a sled pulled behind a snowmobile. Fun!

There was also a group photo op for decommissioning of the old South Pole Dome. That's the dome that's in all the photos. The Dome was the old station, it was almost completely buried in the snow that is accumulating every year. They have almost completely taken it apart,
with just a few panels left. We took a photo in front of it.

As if that's not enough, BBC's Sir David Attenborough is filming BBC's frozen planet. They were flying a twin otter to try to get some nice shots, and flew over the dome photo shoot. Afterwards, I saw him in the Station so I asked him how it went. He said he was glad that the weather didn't cooperate and they weren't able to get what they wanted. This meant that he *had* to stay overnight at the Station and he was excited about that. What a day!

I will need a better satellite connection to upload photos: hopefully I can do that in the next couple of days. For now, here I am in front of the ceremonial geographic South Pole. The real geographic south pole is a few meters away, and shifts every year. There is another marker there, with markers designed by the winterovers from the previous year.

South Pole!

2010-01-15T07:11:00.000+13:00

I tried posting earlier, but it hasn't appeared yet. I'm still trying to work out the kinks in connectivity, so you may see another post saying that I am here.

We left McMurdo with no more delays, after seeing a few emperor penguins. Those are the penguins that is in March of Penguins, Happy Feet, and so on. They were just huddling by the road between the McMurdo base and the airplane runway. Photos to come soon.

The flight was amazing. We flew over the Transantarctic Mountains, then into NPX (the code at the runway at the South Pole!) for an extra smooth landing. I flew on a ski-equiped LC-130 with a few military personnel, a couple of winter-overs, the assistant station doctor, operations manager and eight or so DV's (distinguished visitors). I will write more on them later as they are doing pretty interesting jobs. And last but not least, our very own Charley Bentley from the geology department at UW, who spent 1957 - 1959 at the South Pole! In those days, you took a ship. You couldn't get through the ice until late summer when the sea ice had melted enough for ice breakers to get through. This is still the case today if you travel by ship. In fact, the first ship to McMurdo will arrive in the next few days. This meant that to get a full season of scientific exploration, you got to Antarctica in late January, spend the entire winter there, spend the summer, and come back if you can that late summer, or spend another winter, then come back. Wow! By 1957, they had giant snow cats etc. so they were able to bring in heavy equipment. They discovered some mountains along the way, and so, he has a mountain named after him!

Photos from the trip from MCM to NPX

2010-01-14T15:59:00.000+13:00

McMurdo

2010-01-13T22:48:00.002+13:00

I have reached McMurdo. We flew on a military plane along with cargo and a few distinguished visitors from Washington. Saw a few penguins already, and a couple of seals from a distance. More on this in the next few days!

2 hr delay

2010-01-13T04:45:00.001+13:00

Here we go again. We just got word that we have 2 hours of delay.
Back to sleep!

Wintering over

2010-01-12T15:02:00.007+13:00

I had dinner last night with the winter-over for the South Pole Telescope. This would have been his last dinner at a restaurant for the next year if our flight hadn't been cancelled this morning. This is his fifth time wintering over. He will be there from now until at least mid-October 2010, most likely into November. That's almost an entire year.

I asked him why he keeps coming back: he told me about the beautiful night skies, often with spectacular aurora, the community of people formed around those who have done this for many years, the simplicity of it all, focusing on your work, surviving. As a drummer, one of his favorite years was when he wintered over with an engineer who used to be a professional guitarist. They had some really great music going and he learned a lot about music.

This brings us to the question: would you ever want to winter over? Here are some statistics.

24 hr delay

2010-01-12T09:24:00.001+13:00

It's official. We are delayed by 24 hours flying out of Christchurch,
probably due to weather. We will try again tomorrow.

4 hour delay

2010-01-12T08:55:00.001+13:00

We just heard that our flight to McMurdo has been delayed by 4 hours.
The B&B owner gets a call (we have no phones in our rooms), and he
goes around knocking on everyone's door (everyone who's going that
is), and the super-shuttle is again delayed. Let's hope we fly today!

Clothing Distribution

2010-01-11T22:26:00.061+13:00

Today I was at what is known as "CDC". No, not Center for Disease Control, but Clothing Distribution Center. This is where we get our Extreme Cold Weather gear, including the famous red parka you see in photos. It is located next to the CHC airport, next to the International Antarctic Center. It is also next to the terminal where I will be taking off from tomorrow to fly to McMurdo.

Once we go there, we got checked out by the nurse. She went over our records briefly, made sure that we had our seasonal flu vaccination, then took our temperature to make sure we're not sick (including H1N1). Then she discussed different options for altitude acclimatization (diamox, decadron, or nothing. In the past they also used to offer Ginko). Then we had some orientation speech and a video, and we were off to try out our ECW gear.

There are a couple of big carpeted room, one for men and and one for women. In it were two orange duffle bags full of gear for each of us. There were only three women today, so we had plenty of room to spread out. The point is to try out everything to make sure they all fit and are comfortable, and swap out anything that doesn't fit. Each bag is customized for us for size and the types of jobs we will be performing in Antarctica.

One of the other women is going to McMurdo to pack up some gear from an experiment and she will probably be there for 2-3 weeks. The other one is an engineer in operations. She will first go to McMurdo for a few days, then to South Pole after.

Here is what was in my bag: Big giant red parka, thin red windbreaker that looks just like the big giant red parka, snow pants (bib), pair of giant white boots (nicknamed "bunny boots") that I exchanged for big black boots which I didn't like and exchanged for blue "FDX" boots, two pairs of thick wool tube socks, two pairs of leather work gloves with some insulation, a pair of wool mittens, a pair of leather mittens, a set of long underwear, a set of fleece underwear, fleece jacket, balaclava, fleece hat, ski goggles, neck gator, another pair of fleece pants. Did I forget anything? Anyway, you can see in the photos all the stuff they packed for me. The red parka is a name tag with our names on it. I was tickled to see "Dr." in front of mine: hardly anyone ever calls physicists that.

Everyone I talked to said getting boots that fit is one of the best ways to make your life comfortable at the Pole. Hence the multiple swapping.

So, here we are. I have my gear. Now I'm all set to go.

Christchurch, Part 1

2010-01-10T21:10:00.002+13:00

So, I've made it to Christchurch. I am staying at a quaint little family owned B&B. The B&B is frequented by many going to and coming from the Antarctica, and I was told this would be a great place to stay if you want friendly owners and run into lots of people going to the Pole. Last night on my way to the shower, I ran into a fellow 'Cuber Klas from Sweden. He is on his way back home from the Pole. Then at breakfast, I ran into another 'Cuber, also on her way back. This is great!

Today is a free day: Pole veterans recommended that I should take at least three nights in Christchurch to rest up and get used to the time zone. (South Pole operates on New Zealand time) It's probably a good idea considering the high chance that you may have to wait for your lost luggage etc. Klas had rented a car, and he kindly offered to take me along for a drive out west into the mountains to see lime rock formations. After some adventures along route 73, we got up into the mountains when it started getting very windy and rainy. The car was being shaken from side to side as we drove through the pass. The rain cleared long enough to take a couple of pictures, then picked up again, all in all, it was a fun drive. Thanks Klas! The drive reminded me of Arizona or Colorado, with a little bit of the Bay Area mixed in: dry mountainous landscape with wisps of tall grass and rocks, also eucalyptus trees. We saw sheep, alpaca, and ostrich farms. Oh and wineries too.

Once back in Christchurch, we saw sun peaking through the clouds again, so we had some lunch outside, and went our own ways: I went for a little walk around to orient myself in the city. It is a beautiful city. A strange mix of the Wild West and the proper British gardens.

Tomorrow I'm headed to the CDC (no, not the Center for Disease Control, but the Clothing Distribution Center) to get fitted for my ECW (Extreme Cold Weather clothing and gear). I am to report exactly at 1300 hr.

En route

2010-01-09T23:34:00.003+13:00

I have several travel companions with me on this trip: they are ambassadors from Y's preschool: Chipmunk, Koala, and the Story Fairy. Here they are, taking a break at the St. Louis airport.

All in all, it was a long trip. I am finally in my hotel room at Christchurch, after something like 43 hours of traveling. I missed my connection in Sydney, got rerouted through Auckland, and got in some 8 hours later than when I was scheduled to. I was lucky though: there was another snow storm coming through the midwest and I made it out of Madison AND St. Louis. Then I met another person going to the Pole in Sydney. It was great to have someone to travel with: no more lugging luggage into the bathroom :) He is a winter-over for the South Pole Telescope, and this will be his fifth time wintering over. Wow! Here is his website. He will be staying at South Pole at least until November. Unfortunately, he was not quite as lucky as me: his checked-in luggage didn't make it with us so he will have to wait a day or so to get his.

A few more days

2010-01-04T19:00:00.000+13:00

Happy new year, everyone!

It's almost time to go to the South Pole. I have been scheduled to go for many months and have had my plane ticket ready for a few months, and finally, I will be flying out in a few days. Now that the holiday fun and craziness is over, it's finally sinking in.

You know the saying about how you get to Carnegie Hall (practice, practice, practice...)? Well, how do you get to the South Pole? There are many ways to get there: you can mount an expedition (see Shackleton, Amundsen, or Scott), ski, or run a marathon (O.K. not strictly the Pole, but close enough). I opted for many many years of education + research, and airplanes. There are many other ways to get there (becoming an U.S. Senator, for example), but I'm going as a scientist with IceCube to help build a neutrino telescope (more on this later, I'm sure). There are many accounts of what it's like to get to and to be at South Pole, but I wanted to share my experience, so, bear with me...

So, how do you really get there? I will be flying through Los Angeles, through Sydney, Australia, then spend a few nights at Christchurch in New Zealand. In New Zealand, I will pick up my "Extreme Cold Weather" clothing, then on to McMurdo Station at the edge or Antarctica, spend one night there, then onto South Pole proper. The geographic pole to be more precise. I will spend about 2 and a half weeks there, then make the trip backwards home some time in February.

I will be in good hands as there will be many friends and colleagues already there, and it's comforting to know that all along the way, English will be the official language. In that regard, I've worked at far more remote places than this. With a husband who speaks a mix of German/British/Seattle and a 2-year daughter who speaks with a pure Wisconsinite accent, I can't even complain about the Kiwi accent in New Zealand :).

Anyway, I hope to share some of my adventures with you during the next few weeks.

In case you're curious for more, I have collected some links:

IceCube Project

The Official IceCube Blog

A more detailed map of Antarctica

South Pole Station WebCam

Webcams around Antarctica

Forty years of women researchers in Antarctica

United States Antarctic Program